Vaginismus is a condition characterized by involuntary contractions of the pelvic floor muscles, making penetration painful or even impossible. Like in many other parts of the world, vaginismus affects many women in Turkey and can occur at any age. It is often linked to psychological factors such as anxiety, taboos, or past trauma, as well as physical issues. Misunderstandings and misinformation about sexuality and gender roles play a significant role in the development of this condition.

Women and their partners often describe the experience as “hitting a wall” or “an obstacle” when trying to achieve vaginal penetration. The pain caused by vaginismus can make intercourse extremely difficult or entirely impossible.

Vaginismus is a learned reflex. It happens when a woman associates vaginal penetration with fear or pain. In response, her body automatically tightens the vaginal muscles to protect itself. A common metaphor used to describe vaginismus is that of the eye: most people have experienced a time when something came close to their eye, prompting it to shut reflexively. Similarly, with vaginismus, the body reacts in a way that cannot simply be “switched off”—telling someone to “just relax” won’t resolve it.

Treatment

Psychotherapy plays a central role in treatment. Sex therapy helps couples discuss their sex lives and how vaginismus affects their relationship. Often, both partners are emotionally impacted by vaginismus, and sex therapy supports them in healing together. Through structured exercises and guided homework, therapy helps couples reconnect with intimacy, passion, and pleasure.