Relationships are built not only on love and commitment but also on trust. However, sometimes this sense of trust can be damaged or may not be sufficiently developed in a person’s inner world. In such cases, jealousy comes into play. Jealousy, when kept at a normal level, is a feeling that can sometimes be seen in relationships and may even help keep the relationship alive. But in some cases, this feeling gets out of control, turns into an obsession, and pushes relationships toward destruction. This extreme and irrational form of jealousy is called "Othello Syndrome" or "pathological jealousy" in psychological literature.
So, what exactly is Othello Syndrome? What are its symptoms? Is it possible to cope with this syndrome? We will cover all of this in detail in this article.
What is Othello Syndrome?
Othello Syndrome is a condition in which a person believes intensely and obsessively that their partner is being unfaithful, despite having no concrete evidence. This is not just a suspicion; it becomes an irrational belief. The person is convinced that their partner is cheating, searches for "evidence" to support this belief, and often perceives things that do not actually exist.
This syndrome is named after the famous tragedy Othello by English writer William Shakespeare. In the play, Othello believes that his wife Desdemona is unfaithful, even though there is no real proof. This jealousy eventually leads to a tragic end. This literary example has given its name to pathological jealousy in psychiatry.
The Difference Between Pathological and Normal Jealousy
Most people feel jealous from time to time. It’s a natural part of being human. However, pathological jealousy is very different from normal jealousy. Here are the main differences:
Normal JealousyPathological Jealousy (Othello Syndrome)Appears occasionally. | Persistent and obsessive.
Can be triggered by a real threat or situation. | Based on irrational thoughts.
May go away after being expressed. | Becomes an ongoing obsession.
The person may question their feelings. | The person firmly believes their thoughts.
Symptoms of Othello Syndrome
A person experiencing Othello Syndrome develops intense, obsessive thoughts about their partner being unfaithful. Over time, these thoughts can dominate the person’s life. The most common symptoms include:
- Constant Urge to Monitor the Partner
Checking phone messages, monitoring social media accounts, keeping track of who they meet, and following their activities. - Continuous Accusations of Infidelity
Even without concrete evidence, the person keeps accusing their partner of being unfaithful. - Excessive Controlling Behaviors
Keeping track of who their partner meets, where they go, and when they will return. - Paranoia and Delusions
Believing in events created entirely in their own mind. For example, interpreting a quick glance at someone as proof of cheating. - Tendency Toward Emotional or Physical Violence
In some cases, this syndrome can lead to serious psychological or physical harm toward the partner. - Relationship Obsession
The partner becomes the center of life. Personal space, hobbies, and social life gradually disappear.
Causes
The causes of Othello Syndrome are complex, usually involving a combination of psychological, biological, and environmental factors:
- Low Self-Esteem and Insecurity
People lacking self-confidence may intensely fear that their partner will choose “someone better,” which can trigger jealousy. - Past Traumas
Past experiences of being cheated on or abandoned can turn into obsessive jealousy in future relationships. - Mental Disorders
Othello Syndrome may be a symptom of psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). - Alcohol and Substance Use
Excessive alcohol or certain substances can distort reality perception, leading to paranoid thoughts.
How is Othello Syndrome Treated?
Pathological jealousy does not go away on its own. It affects the individual, their partner, and the overall relationship dynamic negatively. However, it is treatable. Treatment usually requires a multi-faceted approach:
- Psychotherapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one of the most commonly used methods in treating Othello Syndrome. Through therapy, the person learns to question false beliefs and develop healthy thought patterns.
Topics addressed in therapy may include:- Distinguishing between reality and imagination
- Identifying the roots of trust issues
- Coping strategies for jealousy
- Communication skills
- Medication
If the person experiences severe paranoia, depression, or anxiety, a psychiatrist may prescribe antidepressants, antipsychotics, or anxiolytics. - Couples Therapy
Since Othello Syndrome often directly affects the couple’s dynamic, couples therapy can be very helpful. Partners can better understand each other, improve communication, and start building a trust-based relationship.
What Should Someone Do If Their Partner Has Othello Syndrome?
If you suspect your partner is showing signs of this syndrome, it’s important to take these steps:
- Don’t Get Defensive or Blame
Overreacting can fuel the jealousy even more. - Set Clear Boundaries
Don’t allow your freedom to be restricted; establish healthy limits. - Seek Professional Help
Encourage your partner to go to therapy, but remember, you cannot force anyone to change. - Protect Yourself
Constant pressure can harm your psychological well-being. If necessary, reassess the relationship.
Can Othello Syndrome Go Away?
Yes, Othello Syndrome can go away. But it requires time and professional support. It is not a condition that can improve solely through the partner’s effort or on its own. Being open to treatment is the first and most important step toward recovery.
Remember, a healthy relationship is built on trust, communication, and mutual respect. Excessive jealousy weakens these foundations and damages the relationship. If you or your partner are showing signs of pathological jealousy, consulting a professional is the best step for both your own well-being and the health of your relationship.
